A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Examining the Sequencing of Sipuleucel-T and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men With Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer and a Rising Serum Prostate Specific Antigen After Primary Therapy
Description
Brief Summary
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether ADT started before or after
sipuleucel-T led to a better immune system response. This study also evaluated the safety of
sipuleucel-T and ADT treatment, immune system responses over time, the characteristics of
sipuleucel-T, and changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) values over time.
Detailed Description
Multicenter, randomized, open-label study, with subjects allocated (1:1) to 1 of 2 study
arms, using a stratified randomization based on:
• Prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT): ≤ 3 months or > 3 months and ≤ 12 months.
• Primary therapy: radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation, including brachytherapy, (XRT) or
RP + XRT.
Arm 1: Subjects received one infusion of sipuleucel-T every two weeks for a total of three
infusions. Two weeks after the third sipuleucel-T infusion, subjects started ADT with 45 mg
leuprolide acetate depot injection (Eligard® 45 mg). An additional leuprolide acetate
injection was administered at 6 months after the first injection for a total of 2 injections
and 12 months of ADT.
Arm 2: Subjects started ADT with 45 mg leuprolide acetate depot injection (Eligard® 45 mg) 12
weeks before infusion 1 of sipuleucel-T. An additional leuprolide acetate injection was
administered at 6 months after the first injection for a total of 2 injections and 12 months
of ADT. Twelve weeks after the initial leuprolide 45 mg depot injection, subjects began one
infusion of sipuleucel-T every two weeks for a total of three infusions.
Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed for Arm 2 subjects at 12, 8, and 4 weeks
pre infusion 1, and in all subjects (both arms) at pre-leukapheresis 1, 2, and 3, and
post-infusion 1, 2 and 3, and at the following time points after the third infusion: Weeks 2,
6, and 12 and Months 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24.
Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) monitoring, laboratory tests (complete blood
count (CBC) and serum chemistry), vital signs, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
performance status, physical examination, as well PSA and testosterone monitoring. The study
was complete at the 27-Month visit for Arm 1 and the 24-Month visit for Arm 2.
Phase
Phase 2 - takes the treatment one step further, assessing the activity of a particular therapy in a disease, often building upon leads from the Phase I trial. While patients are generally required to be previously untreated, participation in a Phase II trial doesn't usually preclude the patient from getting the standard treatment after they've received the investigational agent. At best they are allowed to get a new drug they wouldn't be able to get otherwise that may turn out to be better for their disease.Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
- Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
- Non-metastatic disease, as evidenced by negative bone scan or computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis
- ECOG performance status ≤ 1
- Histologically documented prostate cancer
- Prior primary therapy for prostate cancer
- Rising PSA with a PSADT of ≤ 12 months
- Testosterone ≥ 200 ng/dL ≤ 28 days of registration
- Adequate hematologic, renal, and liver function
- Must live in a permanent residence within a comfortable driving distance (round-trip within one day) to the clinical research site
- Requires systemic ongoing immunosuppressive therapy
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to sipuleucel-T or GM-CSF
- Prior sipuleucel-T therapy
- Prior ADT therapy ≤ 6 months prior to registration or ≥ 6 months duration in total
- If subject has a history of any other stage III/IV malignancy, the subject must be disease free and off any malignancy-related treatment for at least 10 years. If the subject has a history of any stage I-II malignancy, the subject must be disease free and off any malignancy-related treatment for at least 5 years.
- Prior experimental immunotherapy or on an experimental clinical trial within 1 year
- Received denosumab or XRT ≤ 6 months prior to registration
- Received chemotherapy or GM-CSF ≤ 90 days prior to registration
- Received any of the following medications or interventions ≤ 28 days prior to registration
- major surgery requiring general anesthesia
- systemic immunosuppressive therapy
- other prescription treatment for prostate cancer
- Active infection within 1 week of registration
- Likely to receive XRT or surgery for prostate cancer during the study period
- Any medical intervention, any other condition, or any circumstances that could compromise the study.
Sites
-
California
- Keck Hospital of USC, Los Angeles, California, 90033
- LAC + USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033
- USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033
- University of California San Diego / Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, 91914
-
Washington
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, 98109
-
Texas
- Urology San Antonio Research, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
-
Alabama
- Urology Center of Alabama, Homewood, Alabama, 35209
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